Membrane Modification

The common methods for membrane modification is by improving the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The recently reports are:

• Mixing with TiO2 nanoparticle
• Addition of polyvinylalcohol (PVA)

Membrane characterization

The general parameter and method for membrane characterization are follow:

(1) Pore size --> Mollecular weight cut-of by dextran or polyethylene glycol rejection

(2) Poresize distribution --> Bubble point method

(3) Microscopic structure --> Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

(4) Chemical constituent --> Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy

(5) Porosity

(6) Hidrophilicity/hydrophobicity --> Contac angle meter

Membrane Preparation