Numerous method have been developed and reported in order to limit the membrane fouling. Some of the outstanding results are already patented or even applied in industrial MBR. The aproaches for fouling limitation is very broad from selecting the suitable biological parameters to applying the pulsation of electrical current to membrane surface. It is very difficult to make the general thought that may covel all approach that has been proposed and tested.
The methods for addressing the fouling in MBR is presented in Figure 1 and Table 1. Figure 1 shows the overall scheme in addresing the fouling. In this scheme all approach for fouling limitation is being tried to be covered. This scheme is developed in the basis understanding that the fouling is result of interaction between the mixed liquor and membrane to form the fouling layer. From this definition there are three different components that participated in fouling; mixed liquor, membrane and foulant layer it self. In order to limit the membrane fouling, these component mush be exploited to certain extent.
The general strategy and method of fouling limitation is identified by the approach to exploit these factors and devided in five cluster: membrane properties (1), hydrodynamic (2), mixed liquor properties (3), and the combination among them (4 and 5). The summary of the methods that has been reported is shown in Table 1. The further discussion is given in the next sub-section of each cluster.
Figure 1: The schematic diagram of fouling limitation.
Table 1: Summary of fouling limitation methods.
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